11 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: A case seriesreportGU Jia-li,LU Zhi-wei,WANG Wen-jian,ZHENG Yue-jie,LI Jing,SHAO Yan-bing ( Shenzhen Children 's Hospital,Shenzhen518026,China)Corresponding Author: ZHENG Yue-jie,E-mail: yuejiez@ sina.comAbstract Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mycoplasmapneumoniae-associated hemophagocytic syndrome ( MP-HPS ) . Methods The clinical data of MP-HPS children admitted toShenzhen Children's Hospital between June 1,2013 and December 31,2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The medianage of 11 patients with MP-HPS was 3 years and 3 months.There were 5 cases aged younger than 3 years,6 males and 5 females.Clinical manifestations included fever in 11 cases,cough in 8 cases,diarrhea in 3 cases,and poor mental health in 1 case. Allpatients had large liver,and large spleen was found in 6 cases. Laboratory examination results showed all of 11 patients had differentdegrees of hemocytopenia,elevated serum ferritin ( ≥ 500 μg·L-1) and lactate dehydrogenase.Bone marrow images suggestedhemophagocytosis in 11 cases. There were 8 cases of abnormal liver function,9 cases of high triglyceride,6 cases of lowfibrinogenemia,and 8 cases of decreased NK cell activity. MP infection was confirmed by MP-IgM MP-DNA tests in all 11 caseswith 2 cases of combined bacterial infections and 2 cases of fungal infections. No other viral infections were detected. Imagingexamination ( chest X-ray and chest CT) results showed all of 11 cases presented pneumonia,7 cases were complicated with pleuraleffusion,and 1 case was complicated with mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and chest. Seven casesunderwent bronchoscopy and 2 cases had plastic bronchitis. Macrolides were combined with other antibiotics. Glucocorticoid andgamma globulin were used in 10 patients,immunosuppressant ( cyclosporin) was used in 4 patients,and cyclosporin + etoposidewas used in 1 patient. Among the 7 patients admitted to PICU,5 were intubated. Nine cases were discharged after improvement and2 cases died. Conclusion MP-HPS should be diagnosed early and treated actively. Cytokine storm should be blocked in time toimprove the prognosis of children.
Key words Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Hemophagocytic syndrome; Child; Therapy